The wine-fermentation process and its secrets

Are you interested in diving into the fascinating world of enology, where the alchemy of nature comes together with human skill to give life to the elixir of the gods: wine? Then read this article! In this winemaking journey, we’ll explore the wine fermentation process in depth, revealing its most intimate secrets and discovering how each phase contributes to the creation of the bottled masterpiece. Get ready for a sensory delight as we step inside the art of fermenting grapes and transforming them into divine nectar! 

When does wine ferment and how does the fermentation process take place?

The art of fermentation starts with precisely selecting the moment that the grapes are at their best. Nature itself dictates this date in the calendar, and so it is the winegrowers’ responsibility to observe and determine the right moment to harvest. The key is the optimal ripeness of the grapes, when the balance between sugars and acidity reaches its peak. This way, the grape harvest, that sacred moment, marks the beginning of the wine and cava fermentation dance. 
 
The fermentation of wine, the chemical movement that turns grape juice into an intoxicating elixir, is mainly carried out by yeast. These microorganisms, naturally present in the skin of the grapes, start an alchemical composition when they come into contact with the sugars of the must, or grape juice. The magic happens when the yeast consumes sugars, releasing alcohol and carbon dioxide as by-products. This process, known as alcoholic wine fermentation, is the very soul of winemaking.

What is the name of the bacteria that ferments wine? 

Within the microbial world of fermentation, the star of the show is Lactobacillus. These bacteria, known for their beneficial properties, play a key role in the malolactic fermentation of wine. It transforms malic acid into lactic acid, softening the wine and adding aromatic complexity. This microbiological magic adds layers of flavor and texture, bringing quality wines (like those in our online wine store) to new heights of refinement. 

How is wine racked?

Racking, an essential process in winemaking, is more than a simple transfer of liquid from one container to another. It requires skill, ability, precision, and meticulous attention to ensure that the final wine maintains the desired quality and expression. Its purpose is to separate the clear wine from the sediment that has settled at the bottom. As such, patience is key for allowing the wine to breathe while freeing it from impurities. Attention to detail is also important for creating a clear, clean, well-structured wine. We’ll explain how wine racking is performed in more detail below: 

1 - Preparation of containers: Before starting the racking, these must be selected. These can be oak barrels, stainless-steel tanks, or any other suitable container. It is essential for these containers to be clean and sterilized to maintain the purity of the wine. 

2 - Choosing the right time: Racking is generally performed after the alcoholic fermentation of the wine, when the solids—such skins, seeds, and dead yeast—settle on the bottom of the original container. The precision of this moment is essential for preserving the wine’s freshness and vitality. 

3 - Careful extraction: The wine is extracted from the original container, ensuring that the sediment at the bottom is not disturbed. This is done carefully to avoid transferring unwanted solids to the new container. Smooth and controlled extraction is performed using pumps or siphons. 

4 - Purification of the wine: During racking, the wine is purified, since the sediment is left behind. This step contributes to the wine’s clarity and stability, removing particles that could negatively affect its quality. 

5 - Controlled oxygenation: By taking advantage of racking, the wine can be briefly oxygenated. This contact with oxygen can soften the tannins and improve the integration of the wine’s components. 

How many times do you need to rack the wine?

Racking frequency depends on various factors, such as the type of wine and the desired characteristics. Some young wines require repeated racking to refine their profile, while others, like great reserve wines, benefit from longer aging in contact with their sediment. This additional racking can help further refine and clarify the wine. 
 
The art of winemaking stems from understanding the specific needs of each variety and style, achieving an equilibrium which enhances the unique expression of each bottle. Some wineries, like ours, are lucky enough to have professionals who are responsible for knowing exactly when and how to carry out this process. As such, we can achieve prestigious wines with a taste that’s hard to forget. 

Which phase of the moon is best for racking wine? 

The connection between the moon and winemaking has been a subject of debate for centuries. Some winemakers argue that the moon influences the behavior of liquids, including wine. According to tradition, the descending moon promotes racking, as it is believed that gravity exerts stronger influence on the sediment. 
 
Although science does not fully support this belief, many enologists continue to respect the phases of the moon in their practices, fusing modern science with ancestral knowledge. This way, they achieve red wines, white wines, and rosé wines of excellent quality.

When should metabisulphite be added to wine?

Metabisulphite, the loyal chemical guardian, is strategically added to the process to preserve the freshness and quality of the wine. Its main function is to act as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent, protecting the drink from oxidation and potential contaminants. The addition of metabisulphite generally takes place after racking, ensuring that the wine can mature gracefully, retaining its flavors and aromas in their maximum expression. 
 
In conclusion, wine fermentation emerges as the epicenter of enological magic, where nature and science come together to bring one of humanity’s most exquisite creations to life. From the moment the grapes are harvested to the last sip of the glass, each phase of the process contributes to the unique narrative of each bottle. If you have any questions, we encourage you to get in touch and we’ll help you choose the perfect wine for your occasion, allowing you to enjoy some of our exquisite wines.